中国大陆首例输入性寨卡病毒感染病例临床表现及实验室检测结果分析

目的 分析中国大陆首例输入性寨卡病毒感染病例的临床表现及实验室检测结果,为寨卡病毒病的预防控制提供参考依据。方法 通过对病例进行流行病学个案调查,收集相关病历资料,并开展相关实验室检测,应用描述性流行病学方法对病例的临床表现及实验室检测结果进行分析。结果 病例男性,34岁于2016年2月2日从委内瑞拉出发,途经中国香港、广东省深圳和东莞,于2月5日抵达江西省赣州市赣县,2月6日被收入赣县人民医院感染性疾病科接受隔离治疗,2月14日痊愈出院;病例临床表现为发热、头晕头痛、畏寒、乏力、皮疹、眼眶痛、结膜充血、腹泻等症状;病例白细胞和血小板值正常,单核细胞比率略有升高,凝血酶原时间略有升高,肝肾功能检查白蛋白、尿素氮、尿酸略有下降,左下肺轻度肺气肿改变;病原学检测结果显示,病例尿液标本寨卡病毒核酸存在时间较血清标本长,发病第15 d病例唾液标本未检出核酸阳性。结论 本例病例为一典型但症状较轻的输入性寨卡病毒感染病例,对具有流行病学史且同时出现发热或皮疹等症状的归国人员进行排查,采集其血清、尿液等多种标本进行检测,有利于病例的早期发现、诊断和治疗。     

Estimating mortality associated with seasonal influenza among adults aged 65 years and above in China from 2011 to 2016: A systematic review and model analysis

BackgroundEstimation of influenza disease burden is crucial for optimizing intervention strategies against seasonal influenza. This study aimed to estimate influenza‐associated excess respiratory and circulatory (R&C) and all‐cause (AC) mortality among older adults aged 65 years and above in mainland China from 2011 to 2016.MethodsThrough a systematic review, we collected influenza‐associated excess R&C and AC mortality data of older adults aged 65 years and above for specific cities/provinces in mainland China. Generalized linear models were fitted to estimate the corresponding excess mortality for older adults by province and nationwide, accounting for the potential variables of influenza virus activity, demography, economics, meteorology, and health service. All statistical analyses were conducted using R software.ResultsA total of 9154 studies were identified in English and Chinese databases, and 11 (0.1%) were included in the quantitative synthesis after excluding duplicates and screening the title, abstract, and full text. Using a generalized linear model, the estimates of annual national average influenza‐associated excess R&C and AC mortality among older adults aged 65 years and above were 111.8 (95% CI: 92.8–141.1) and 151.6 (95% CI: 127.6–179.3) per 100,000 persons, respectively. Large variations in influenza‐associated excess R&C and AC mortality among older adults were observed among 30 provinces.ConclusionsInfluenza was associated with substantial excess R&C and AC mortality among older adults aged 65 years and above in China from 2011 to 2016. This analysis provides valuable evidence for the introduction of the influenza vaccine into the National Immunization Program for the elderly in China.     

Association between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Depression after Ischemic Stroke

Background: Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes after stroke. However, the association between malnutrition and post-stroke depression (PSD) remains unelucidated. We aimed to explore the association between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and depression after ischemic stroke. Methods: In total, 344 patients with ischemic stroke were included in this analysis. The GNRI was calculated from serum albumin level, weight, and height at admission. Malnutrition was defined using the GNRI cutoff points. A lower GNRI score indicates an elevated nutritional risk. The outcome was depression, measured 14 days after ischemic stroke. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between the GNRI and risk of PSD. Results: A total of 22.9% developed PSD 14 days after stroke. The mean GNRI was 99.3 ± 6.0, and 53.8% of the patients had malnutrition. After adjusting for covariates, baseline malnutrition was not associated with risk of PSD (OR, 0.670; 95%CI, 0.370–1.213; p = 0.186). The restricted cubic splines revealed a U-shaped association between the GNRI and PSD. Compared to moderate GNRI, higher GNRI (OR, 2.368; 95%CI, 0.983–5.701; p = 0.085) or lower GNRI (OR, 2.226; 95%CI, 0.890–5.563; p = 0.087) did not significantly increase the risk of PSD. Conclusion: A low GNRI was not associated with an increased risk of depression after ischemic stroke.     

全球首款疟疾疫苗的现场评价及应用前景

本文介绍了全球首款疟疾疫苗(RTS,S/AS01)最新现场试点研究中安全性、有效性和可操作性的评价结果,以及WHO专家组对该疫苗使用的建议,并对目标儿童疫苗接种率和全程率与降低发病率和死亡率指标的关系,以及对5岁以下儿童采用5剂以上季节性预防措施的科学依据等问题提出建议.     

我国中医药在非洲发展现状与合作战略思考

随着“一带一路”的提出与中非合作论坛峰会的成功举办,我国与非洲交流愈加密切,中医药贸易往来也加快了步伐。现在阐释国家的政策支持及双方合作加强、中医药自身的特色优势、非洲国家特有的社会发展环境、中医药及其他医药产品在非洲贸易额及中国药企发展4大优势的基础上,对中非中医药合作存在的评价标准欠缺、渠道建设不足、医药学文化差异、市场针对不强、教育体系缺乏、市场竞争激烈、内部问题突出7项问题进行分析,旨在对加强我国与非洲国家中医药合作提出战略思考,并提出需要建设标准体系、重视渠道建设、推广中医药文化、研发市场产品、培养精新人才、打造中医药品牌6项合作战略。     

Evolution of ischemic stroke drug clinical trials in mainland China from 2005 to 2021

BackgroundTo assess the temporal changes in the characteristics of ischemic stroke drug clinical trials conducted in mainland China in 2005–2021.MethodsA statistical analysis of registered clinical trials on ischemic stroke was performed using the platform of the Center for Drug Evaluation of China National Medical Products Administration, the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov websites.ResultsFrom January 1, 2005 to August 1, 2021, a total of 384 registered drug clinical trials on ischemic stroke were identified in mainland China. Over time, the number of trials gradually increased each year, with a significant growth in 2014, from 16 in 2013 to 42 in 2014. Phase IV trials (31.8%) accounted for the majority, followed by phase II (16.4%), phase I (10.9%), and phase III (8.6%). In terms of sponsorship, the proportion of investigator‐initiated trials (IITs) (60.7%) was higher than industry‐sponsored trials (ISTs) (39.3%). Additionally, trials involving traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) (36.2%) accounted for the largest proportion, followed by trials involving antithrombotic therapy (19.5%) and cerebral protection agents (16.7%). Furthermore, over the past 17 years, the number of leading drug clinical trial units for ischemic stroke in mainland China has continuously increased. The leading principal units from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Liaoning accounted for the majority of the trials (67.4%).ConclusionIn the past 17 years, great progress has been made in the research and development (R&D) of drugs and clinical trials for ischemic stroke in mainland China. The most extensive progress was observed in TCMs, antithrombotic therapy, and cerebral protection agents. More clinical trials are needed to confirm whether the newly developed drugs can improve the clinical efficacy of ischemic stroke. Simultaneously, more pharmaceutical R&D efforts of innovative drugs are warranted.     

Prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension

PurposeSarcopenia is a major health problem in community-dwelling elderly individuals. Hypertension is postulated to aggravate sarcopenia. The present study was performed to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension.MethodsThis study involved 165 Chinese individuals with hypertension aged ≥60 years who were evaluated for sarcopenia using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Data on their sociodemographic information, physical illnesses, and clinical and functional status were collected.ResultsThe overall prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension was 20.2%. The factors significantly associated with sarcopenia were an age of ≥70 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 3.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17–5.39), diabetes (OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 1.32–11.16), osteoporosis (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.13–5.37), drinking (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.26–7.85), and a body mass index of 24.0 to 27.9 kg/m² (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59–0.91).ConclusionsThis study revealed a very high prevalence of sarcopenia among elderly individuals with hypertension (20.2%). Sarcopenia may be associated with advanced age, drinking, diabetes, the body mass index, and osteoporosis. The longitudinal relationship between clinic visits and sarcopenia should be further evaluated.     

老年住院患者社会衰弱与生理衰弱的相关性

目的 采用横断面研究分析≥60岁住院患者的社会衰弱情况,并探讨其与躯体功能的关系.方法 选取首都医科大学宣武医院老年医学综合科≥60岁的住院患者258例,应用社会衰弱量表(HALFT)评估社会衰弱情况,将评分≥3分患者纳入社会衰弱组,其中1～2分患者纳入社会衰弱前期组,0分患者纳入无社会衰弱组,分析社会衰弱的患病情况及...     

缺氧诱导脂滴相关蛋白在糖尿病合并腹主动脉瘤中的表达

目的 通过生物信息学方法,寻找糖尿病合并腹主动脉瘤(AAA)患者中差异表达的基因,明确其功能,探讨发病机制.方法 从Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)数据库中下载人糖尿病GSE21321和人腹主动脉瘤GSE7084数据集,以P<0.05及表达变化>2.0倍标准筛选差异基因.联合运用Gencript...     

建设特勤人员生物样本库的思考

随着精准医疗和转化医学的发展进步,生物样本库作为链接临床工作和实验室研究的重要环节,在国内外医学研究领域越来越受到重视。本文从生物样本库的国内外发展现状、特勤人员生物样本库建设要点、建设特勤人员生物样本库的意义这三个方面进行阐述,分析探讨建设特勤人员生物样本库的重要性,加强未来对特勤人员的精准化、个性化医疗保障工作。